Gaza is facing an extreme humanitarian crisis driven by large-scale violence, mass displacement, and severe disruption of essential services. Many people have limited access to safe shelter, food, clean water, medical care, and sanitation.
Humanitarian organizations continue to respond under difficult conditions, with urgent needs for civilian protection and sustained delivery of aid.
Sources:
Prime minister with ultimate authority over military strategy, blockade policy, and continuation of the war. (ICC arrest warrant issued)
Defense minister responsible for directing military operations and rules of engagement affecting civilians. (ICC arrest warrant issued)
Chief of the General Staff overseeing execution of Israeli military operations in Gaza.
De facto Hamas leader in Gaza and primary architect of the October 7 attack that triggered the current war.
Longtime head of Hamas’s military wing, responsible for planning and directing large-scale attacks over decades. (ICC arrest warrant issued)
Former political leader central to Hamas’s international strategy, funding, and long-term governance decisions.
Senior Hamas political figure involved in post–October 7 decision making, negotiations, and continuation of armed conflict.
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Public demonstrations may be restricted or unsafe depending on location. International solidarity actions often include peaceful protests, fundraising, and contacting elected representatives.